The Step-by-Step Guide How to Write a Research Paper

Are you staring at the blank page on your screen and have no idea how to approach your challenging research paper? Research papers are complex and time-consuming assignments and what is really important they make up a large part of students grade in all classes. Its not a secret that academic writing is hard but written communication skills are essential for your success in college, graduate school, and in your future career. Thats why you should work hard to master the art of paper writing. If you are not sure where to start, read this article to learn about effective strategies that make this process as painless as possible. How to Write an APA Research Paper Well break down the writing process into easy steps to help you understand how to write a research paper fast no matter how long it must be. Step 1. Choose a Topic Sometimes college students are assigned with their research paper topics, but if you are fortunate enough to have such an option, choose your topic wisely. First of all, think about choosing a challenging topic you are interested in. Then, you wont be bored when doing the research because you are sure to discover something new and youll enjoy the writing process. Dont select subjects that are too technical or general. If your topic is too broad, your research paper is unlikely to be successful because it will look like a general overview. You should narrow your topic down to a certain aspect, concept or idea and make it specific and manageable. For example, if your topic is Global Warming, you should narrow it to Causes of Global Warming, Impact of Global Warming on Human Health or something like that. Step 2. Write a Working Thesis Statement Prepare a working thesis before you actually organize your research because it will guide your investigation and will help you stay focused on your subject. Your thesis statement should be concise and reflect the type of paper you are writing. All research papers can be divided into 3 categories: argumentative or persuasive if you are arguing the conclusion; expository when you explain information; analytical when you present your analysis of certain information. You have to devote enough of your precious time to creating a good strong thesis statement so that your project has a clear purpose. Your thesis should be debatable and narrow because your claims should be supported by evidence. If your claim is broad, you will need more evidence to convince your readers that you are right. Here is an example of a debatable thesis statement: Climate change is the most pressing challenge facing the world today. Step 3. Do Research on Your Topic You should find enough secondary and primary credible sources on the subject of your paper, carefully read all of them, and find relevant evidence to support your thesis. At this stage, you should evaluate your sources, take notes, and start documenting your sources according to a citation style specified by your instructor (APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, etc.) Make sure you use the latest edition of a specific style guide. You will use your notes about references later when writing your paper and building your bibliography. Its crucial to cite all sources that you used for quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing to avoid plagiarism. Step 4. Make a Good Outline Your research has given you tons of great ideas. Now you have to organize them for your impressive presentation. Dont skip this vital step because without it, your project will lack focus and you will need more time for revising your draft trying to make sense of your jumbled thoughts. Thats why you need an outline. You have to finalize your thesis and create a working outline that you plan to cover and that will serve you as a roadmap and keep you focused. Think about key points that youll need to develop to support your thesis statement. You can use them as subheadings for the body of your paper. Look through your notes and organize the information under each sub-heading. Make sure you include only relevant information that fits under your sub-headings and directly supports your thesis. You should resist the temptation to include any information that doesnt fit into your outline no matter how interesting it is. When writing an outline, you should keep in mind a typical research paper structure that commonly includes: a title page; an abstract; an introduction; a methodology section; findings/results; discussion; conclusion. But if your research paper is not long, its format may include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In any case, you should follow specific guidelines provided by your instructor. Step 5. Create the First Draft This is the middle of the process. You have a clear direction and its time to create the first draft with a title, in-text citations, and a reference page. The title is very important if you want to make a good impression on your readers because its the first thing that they see. It forms their view on what exactly they should expect in your paper. You should list the keywords that present the topic of your paper, methods you used, and results that you achieved. Now create a sentence that includes all the keywords that you have listed and delete the unnecessary words. After that, you need to link the remaining ones. Finally, you have to delete non-essential info and organize the remaining words in the logical order. You can also include the subtitle. Make sure that your title is concise. Afterwards, you need to write an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. These are the main parts of your paper so let us provide you with some details on how to do it right. How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper Start writing an intro. The introductory paragraph should begin with an attention grabber that may be: a provocative question; statistics; an anecdote; unusual facts, etc. You are writing an academic paper but that doesnt mean you have to be boring. Next, you need to provide the background information, explain your goals, and how you plan to approach your research paper topic. You should finish your introduction with your thesis statement or research question. This section of your paper is not long so you are sure to finish it fast. How to Write Body Paragraphs Your outline will help you to complete this part of your paper. But you shouldnt think that you must strictly follow it. It may evolve and you are free to revise it and make changes. The key thing is to stay on your track and focus on your thesis. You should provide your points and support your main idea. Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence and provide arguments and relevant evidence to support it. You should write as many body paragraphs as you have the key points. How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper Most research papers end with restarting their thesis statements. You can also do it but you shouldnt repeat it word for word. Paraphrase it or summarize the key points of your paper. You may emphasize the significance of your findings as well. A good idea is to provide some recommendations based on the results of your investigation or suggest some directions for further research. Your rough draft is ready. Wondering what to do next? Go on reading to find some tips on how to revise your research paper. How to Make Your Paper Perfect No one can write their first draft perfectly. So, if you want to make a good impression on your professor and earn a high grade, you should revise your draft to make sure that your project is on point. Be ready that you may need to revise your project more than once because it is really worth doing. Step 6. Revise, Editand Proofread You have to make large-scale changes and check the logic, flow, transitions, make changes in the structure and order of your paragraphs. You should make sure that all your ideas are fully developed and all the claims are supported by credible evidence. You may need to add some section headings. The next stage is editing. You have to check and eliminate filler words and phrases, improve word choice, and correct mistakes in punctuation and grammar if you find any. You should look for: incomplete sentences; dangling modifiers; easily confused words (such as to, too, and two); spelling mistakes; apostrophes for possessives and plurals; quotation rules obeyed; comma use; eliminate contractions. You will need to re-read your paper several times. A good strategy is to read your paper backwards. In this way, you will feel a little disoriented and will be able to catch more mistakes. You should start reading the last sentence, then check the second to the last one and continue doing it until you get to your first sentence. You should ask your friends or family members to review your research paper and express their opinion about it. They should evaluate your argument, transitions, and the balance and look for any inconsistencies with usage, grammar or mechanics. Ask your friends to provide their feedback and make suggested changes if you think they make sense. Finally, you may print your paper and proofread it to eliminate minor mistakes or typos and ensure that your amazing research paper is flawless. Step 7. Rely on Our Academic Custom Writing Service You can use our easy guide to craft winning research papers fast, get better grades, and enjoy your life in college. Alternatively, you can address our specialists to write research paper for you. As a result, youll spend less time but get more pleasure from studying at university.

The Story of an Hour essays

The Story of an Hour essays Kate Chopins novel The story of an hour introduces us to a struggle-married woman heading for her newfound freedom. This short story describes the main character, Louise Mallard, as we see her metamorphosis throughout Chopins work of fiction. The story refers to Mrs. Mallard life where she gains her liberty. This scene, where Mrs. Mallard will supposedly grieve for her husband, deliberately expose a lot on her character and her new discovery of living. The story of an hour will make us see some perspective on a married woman who opens up herself and show her true feelings deep down there, for what we called inner-self. We could see, while reading the text, that there are lots of unusual signs about Mrs. Mallards personality. Strange behaviour where we could see there is something going on She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralysed inability to accept its significance(Chopin293). Her freedom is quickly vanished and her dreams shattered when her husband open the door. At the end, we know that she died in the same time as her free will ...she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills(295). Her absorbance of independence was much too great to bear the loss of it. There is also a definite change on her character going on when she enters her room Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul (293). The fact that the writer mentions the exhaustion of Mrs. Mallard, after she knew the news of her husbands death, makes us see that she is not reacting like what other women will react to their husbands death, grief. Her, on the other hand, feels relief with the news and it seems like it could go to the point of satisfaction regarding the news. This show us ...

Texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Texts - Essay Example A development that has been emulated by the US, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand with a similar trend being noted in other emerging and developed economy countries. This is a sector growth that has seen an increase in enrollees and simultaneously, teachers, textbooks, journals, conferences, support systems and organizations for tourism education (Airey and Johnson, 1999). This is a growth that has worried the Council for Academic Awards (1993) who made known their unease at the rapid growth in the area. Citing Airey and Johnson, (1999) a lack of common agreement regarding the tourism program curriculum and the lack of basic definitions and parameters within which the course should be taught and developed made the organization worry about the teaching methodology used by the varying universities and educators. As of 1997, this has yet to be agreed upon (Tribe, 1997) due to the ability of the academics to develop its own concepts and approaches. According to Cooper, Scales, and Westlake (1992) this is because the course curriculum tends to take on the knowledge and ability of those teaching the courses involved. WhileKoh (1994) developed studies that indicated the individual influences of the educators had the ability to affect the biases of the professors depending upon their experiences within the tourism industry. Airey (1997) does not see any problem with this type of teaching as the curriculum is in its infancy stages and still has room for perspective and insight development. One of the biggest problems that this non-uniform definition creates is the confusion that it causes for the course applicants, students, and employers. As Koh (1994) explains: if tourism hopes to gain professional recognition, curriculum diversity cannot be allowed to continue because professionalism demands standardization. Jaspers (1997) supported this assumption by

The strategy consulting companys products Assignment

The strategy consulting companys products - Assignment Example In its activities such as assessment, formulation and decision making, this firm concentrates on the interest of their customers who plays a vital role in the success of the organization. While carrying out their plans, this organization makes sure that it has put the interest of their clients above everything. In a business, buyers or clients play a significant role because they generate the necessary income to make the business continue running its projects and be able to pay its employees (Grant & Jordan, 2012). The MGT510 strategic management calls for a strategic choice, analysis and strategic implementation from a company while carrying out its processes (Grant & Jordan, 2012). However, in its operations, this organization carries an intense analysis of their clients by asking for so much details from them, a feature that the MGT510 strategic management does not mention in its ways of operation. This company collects so much information from clients to be sure of their credibility. As much as it is important to allow customers their privacy, it is also important to gather enough information from them to be able to know how to handle their cases (Robinson,

Management Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Journals - Essay Example According to the first hypothesis, managers’ beliefs about vision clarity, appropriateness and execution are positively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment and negatively correlated with turnover intentions and role ambiguity. According to the second hypothesis, individual sentiments towards vision clarity, appropriateness and execution will interact to influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions and role ambiguity. The researchers administered the survey instrument to a Fortune 500 company which was undergoing a transformation process. The survey was applied to 245 respondents inclusive of officers, directors and managers. The authors have mentioned the common method bias as being one of the limitations. According to the findings, a three way interaction between vision clarity, appropriateness and execution can impact upon job satisfaction, turnover intentions and role ambiguity. These findings confirm predictions abou t such interactions. For example, if the organizational change is perceived to be appropriate and well-executed, it increases job satisfaction. In this manner the findings have linked the three change sentiments of vision, appropriateness and execution with the four affective outcomes of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions and role ambiguity. ... The research sample consisted of upper and middle level managers who were involved in a large-scale organizational change initiative. The study has a considerable level of practical implications for managers in the present day business environment which is characterized by a fast pace of change both in terms of technology and management techniques. Therefore change management has become one of the key success factors of operating in the present day business environment. The findings of the study will help managers in creating an organizational culture the building blocks of which are necessarily change sentiments and their affective outcomes. An organizational culture that is based upon the interaction effects of change attitudes upon key job-related outcomes will have a more successful experience of organizational change. Organizational change is a complex process which to be successful should incorporate inputs from managers and employees at all levels of the organizational hierarc hy. This study will help management understand how the three change sentiments can affect the success of organizational change. The interaction effects of vision clarity, appropriateness and executive can impact upon job satisfaction, turnover intentions and role ambiguity. These three affective outcomes must be taken into account in successfully conducting organizational change. According to the study, organizational change has clear implications for individual change attitudes. By taking these interactions into account, today’s organizations can have a more effective change management framework which is a key success factor. Mathisen, G. E. and Einarsen, S., 2010. A review of instruments assessing creative and innovative environments within

Polysiloxanes Synthesis and Structure

Polysiloxanes Synthesis and Structure Abstract Silicones (polysiloxanes) are widely used inorganic polymers containing silicon atoms. This category includes many other kinds of polymers such as: polysilanes, polysilazanes, polycarbosilanes and polysiphenylenes [1]. In this project we will focus on polysiloxanes: synthesis and structure properties relationships. First, a brief reference on the history of these materials will be made. Organosilicon compounds were synthesized for the first time in the 1860s, while the first polysiloxanes were made on the 20th century by F.S.Kipping [2]. Then, the ways to synthesize and produce them will be analyzed. This is not a simple synthetic route, while many different procedures take place. These procedures include the reduction of SiO2 into an active reduced form of silicon, hydrolysis/methanolysis and polycondensation or cyclization and polymerization [3]. A more comprehensive study will be made regarding the structure properties relationships. Different cross linking densities create silicones with different properties. Silicones can be categorized by their cross linking density into: silicone oils, elastomers and silicone resins. Silicone oils are linear polymers synthesized by ring opening polymerization. They are thermally stable and thus they can be used as heat transfer fluids. Elastomer silicones are cross linked polysiloxanes via vulcanization and can find application in cars and food containers. On the other hand, silicone resins have high cross linking density and as a result they have high thermal stability. For this reason they are used in colors applied in outdoor surfaces while they are also largely used as water repellants [3], [4]. Introduction Many different silicon containing polymers had been synthesized in the past (figure 1). The most important category of these polymers is the one of polysiloxanes or else silicones. Figure 1: Silicon containing polymers. The synthesis of organo silicon materials started in the 1860s. After 1900s the Grignard reagents became available and as a result major progress occurred. The first polysiloxanes were synthesized by F. S. Kipping in the beginning of the twentieth century. Kipping synthesized diorgano dichloro silanes, R2SiCl2, that could be hydrolyzed into R2Si(OH)2. He was expecting that if these compounds got dehydrated they would produce compounds similar to ketones, R2Si = O. For that reason they were named silic-ones. Soon he realized that, the products were actually polymers that contained Si-O-Si and not Si=O [2]. Polysiloxanes are considered as inorganic organic hybrid materials. The main chain is comprised of atoms of Si and O, whereas the side groups are comprised of alkyl groups (figure 2). Figure 2: Structure of a polysiloxane. This structure is enough to grant them with excessive properties, thus they can be used in many different applications in our everyday life. These polymers can be found as silicone oils, elastomers and resins. Silicone oils are linear polymers synthesized by ring opening polymerization. They are thermally stable and as a result they can be used as heat transfer fluids. Elastomer silicones are cross linked polysiloxanes via vulcanization and can be used in cars and food containers. On the other hand, silicone resins have high cross linking density and as a result they have high thermal stability. For this reason they are used in colors applied in outdoor surfaces while they are also largely used as water repellants [3], [4]. Synthesis The first step of the synthesis of silicones is the reduction of SiO2 into Si. Usually the reduction is done electro thermally with carbon (1) and then silicon is converted into SiCl4 with chlorination (2). Otherwise hydro chloro silanes can be produced by its reaction with HCl (3). Really important for the industry is the direct reaction of methyl chloride with silicon, something that was discovered E. G. Rochow and R. Mà ¼ller in 1940. Copper is used as a catalyst in the form of CuO, as shown in the reactions (4), (5), (6) and (7). The main and most important product from this direct reaction is the dimethyl dichloro silane, (CH3)2SiCl2. The rest products of these reactions are shown above in table 1. Table 1: Main products of the direct reaction MeCl with Si. Hydrolysis The next step is the hydrolysis of the dimethyl dichloro silane, which results into the formation of HCl and a mix of cyclic and linear oligomers of polysiloxanes. The hydrolysis is contacted in the liquid phase with 22 % HCl. The industrial process of the hydrolysis is shown in figure 3. Figure 3: Flow chart of hydrolysis, where a) Cooler; b) Exhaust; c) Phase  separation; d) Settling vessel; e) Water separator; f ) Neutralization and g) Pump Whereas, in diagram 4 there is a synopsis of the whole procedure including the step of hydrolysis. Figure 4: Hydrolysis Methanolysis During this process a direct recovery of Cl with the form of chloro methane from the methyl chloro silanes takes place. Silanes react with methanol in order to produce oligomers of dimethyl siloxanes and chloro methane. Methanolysis occurs according to the reactions: The process of methanolysis is shown above with a flow chart: ΄ Figure 5: Synthesis with methanolysis. And the reactions that take place are: 3. Cyclization Cyclization needs to take place in order for cyclic siloxanes to be produced. This process is done with the heating of the mixture that was produced during the previous steps with KOH. Figure 6:Flow chart of the synthesis of polysiloxanes. 4. Polymerization The usual method of producing linear polysiloxanes is the ring opening polymerization of cyclic polysiloxanes. A polymerization like that can occur under acidic or basic conditions. In general basic conditions are preferable. Anionic Consists a really important procedure for the industry and alkali metal hydroxide catalysts are used. The usual catalyst is potassium hydroxide, whereas other catalysts can be used according to their catalytic activity: Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li. The polymerization occurs rapidly with the addition of only a few ppm of potassium hydroxide at a temperature above 140 ÃŽÂ ¿C. The mechanism is: This reaction leads to the formation of mixture of linear silicones with approximately 15 to 18 per cent of cyclic silicones. In the end, the catalyst needs to get deactivated, usually with the addition of phosphoric acids. Cationic: Cationic polymerization can occur with the use of strong protic acids or Lewis. The mechanism of this reaction is yet unknown. Polycondensation: Another way to synthesize polysiloxanes is by polycondensation reactions of siloxanediols. Hydroxy oligomers of siloxanes can be condensated into polymers with higher molecular weight with the loss of water: Structure Properties Relationships Polysiloxanes can be categorized according to their cross linking density into: silicone fluids, elastomers and resins. Silicone fluids Silicon oils are linear polymers that can be produced by ring -opening polymerization, as described earlier. The flow chart of their industrial production is shown in figure 7. Figure 7: Flow chart of silicone fluids production. Silicon fluids posses a variety of useful properties, such as: Thermal stability ( Temperatures: 150 250 ÃŽÂ ¿C ) High hydrophobicity Dielectric properties Good damping behavior Resistance to radiation These exceptional properties is the reason why silicones oils are used so widely. For example because of their high thermal stability they can be used as a heat transfer media in the industry and not only. Moreover, their strong hydrophobicity enables their use as coatings. Figure 8: Silicone oil used as a heat transfer media. Silicone elastomers Silicones can easily be converted into rubbers through vulcanization. The initial material is a polysiloxane of high molecular weight produced by ring opening polymerization. Cross linking is essential. This can happen with radicals from the decomposition of organic hyper oxides. The hydrogen atoms are removed from the methyl functional groups and the silixane chains connect with each other with Si CH2 CH2 Si bonds. In an alternative version of the vulcanization polysiloxanes that contain a small quantity of methyl vinyl siloxane groups constitute the raw materials. In order for the vulcanization to begin alkyl-hyper oxides are being used but this time the mechanism is different as shown above: The ultimate tensile strength of these elastomers is low, but it can be improved with the addition of fillers. Except from the above, there are also silicone elastomers that the vulcanization occurs at room temperature. There are two types of different systems for this, with one component and with two components. For the systems of one component air exposure is necessary. A typical example of this type is being composed by di -hydroxy siloxane oligomers. The product of this reaction can be placed into a mold in order to attain the appropriate shape. Silicone elastomers attain a really high strength at high temperatures. This makes them one of the elastomers that are used in application that require strength into extreme environmental conditions. Moreover, they are and as a result they do not react with many chemicals. For this reason they are being used in biomedical applications, including medical implants. Figure 9: Silicone elastomers used in catheters. Products made from silicone rubbers can be found in our everyday life. They are being used into cars, food containers, clothes, electronics and in many other applications. Figure 10: Different applications of silicone elastomers in our everyday life. Silicone Resins They are cross linked compounds containing tri functional (T) and tetra functional (Q) silicon units (Q). The simplest silicone resins are produced from methyl chloro silanes with hydrolysis, either directly or indirectly (after the intermediate conversion into methyl trialkoxy silanes). Figure 11: Characteristic structures of silicone resins. Silicone resins can be used as additives paints especially for use in high temperatures. They can also be used as coatings on pharmaceutical pills and as encapsulants for electronic components. Figure 12: Silicone resins used in paints and electronic components. References [1] H.-H. Morreto, M. Schultze and G. Wagner, Silicones, Ullmanns Encyclopedia Of Industrial Chemistry, John Wiley Sons, 2012 [2] A. Mitra and D. A. Atwood, Polysiloxanes and Polylanes Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley Sons, 2006 [3] R. G. Jones, W. Ando, and J. Chojnowski, Silicon Containing Polymers, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2000 [4] F. S. Kipping, Proc. R. Soc. London, A159, 139, 1937 [5] J. Heiner, B. Stenberg, M. Persson, Material Behaviour: Crosslinking of siloxane elastomers, Polymer Testing 22, 253-257, 2003 [6] R. drake, I. MacKinnon and R. Taylor, Recent advances in the chemistry of siloxane polymers and copolymers,Chemistry of Functional Groups, John Wiley Sons, 2009 [7] W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering, An Introduction,John Wiley Sons Inc., USA, 2007 [8] A. Colas and L. Aguadisch, Silicones in Pharmaceutical Applications, Chimie Nouvelle, 15 (58), 1779, 1997 [9] P.C. Hiemenz and T. P. Lodge, ÃŽÂ §ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã… ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½, ÃŽÂ  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ­Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Ά¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´Ãƒ Ã…’à Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ ÃŽÅ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, 2014 [10] S. R. Sandler, Polymer Syntheses, Academic Press, 1997

Communities Essay -- Group Communication Community Essays

Communitites When most people talk about community, they think of a location, an area in which people live. By definition â€Å"community† is a group of people living in the same location and under the same government. Community can also be defined as a group of people with the same common interests or segments in society. However, these definitions, which can be found in any dictionary, are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to explaining what community really is. Community is the memories and traditions of a certain area, as well as the interactions and responsibilities of its members. In order to truly belong to a community people must follow a set of values. These communal values are needed to provide stability among communities in this ever changing world. In the past ten years, with the advent of the internet and many other forms of communication, communities have become less interactive and isolated. In this paper I will be discussing the purpose of communal values and why t hey should be protected. Having a sense of belonging within a community is very important. Many people who have moved since childhood will always remember where they grew up. It is the memories and history they have there that will always make it home. In the play The Piano Lesson, the author shows the conflict between Boy Willie and his sister Berniece both of whom are African American. The conflict of the story centers on gaining a sense of belonging from one’s past. Boy Willie wishes to buy the land where his ancestors were slaves. In doing this Boy Willie must sell an antique piano which has been in his family for generations. Berniece wishes to hold on to the antique piano because it holds the history of their family in its unique carvings. In Boy Willie’s mind, gaining the piece of land would make his life meaningful and give him a sense of belonging. This story shows how the powerful bonds of memories and history are enough to create conflict between even the closest individuals. However , sense of belonging in a community does not require the history and memories of a place. People can gain a sense of belonging from simple but meaningful acts within the community. In Scott Russell Sanders’s essay on community, he explains how simple acts such as making bread with his daughter and children from the neighborhood gives him a sense of belonging and hope. Communal inte... ...o their communities as a whole. Throughout this paper we see the common problem of limiting the interactions between community members, and how this will hurt communities. Only when these issues become so evident that they begin to cause large problems will they be looked at, and by that time it could be too late. Schools now should be teaching children the importance of group thought and how it forms the basis of community structure around the world. The children of the future must not be sheltered from the outside world with new technology and packaged communities. Works Cited Collie, Tim. â€Å"In 21st Century, Americans are increasingly mobile creatures.† Sun-Sentinel [Fort Lauderdale, FL] 3 Jan. 2001: A4. Ehrenfeld, David. â€Å"Pseudocommunities.† Vitek and Jackson 20-24. Kline, David. â€Å"An Amish Perspective.† Vitek and Jackson 35-40. Paige, Harry W. â€Å"Leave If You Can.† Vitek and Jackson 11-14. Sanders, Scott Russell. â€Å"The Common Life.† Vitek and Jackson 40-49. Tall, Deborah. â€Å"Dwelling: Making Peace with Space and Place.† Vitek and Jackson 104-12. Vitek, William, and Wes Jackson, eds. Rooted In The Lan: Essays on Community and Place. New Haven: Yale UP, 1996.